Crystal Smith, PhD

• PhD, Prevention Science, Washington State University, Spokane WA
• MS, Family and Consumer Science (Summa Cum Laude), University of Idaho, Coeur d’Alene, ID
• BS, Psychology (Summa Cum Laude), Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA

• Assistant Professor, Washigton State University – Spokane, Washington 
• Assistant Research Professor, Washigton State University – Spokane, Washington
• Adjunct Faculty, Gonzaga University – Spokane, Washington
• Clinical Research Supervisor, Washington State University – Spokane, Washington
• Mental Health Specialist & Research Educator, Kootenai Behavioral Health – Youth Acute Unit, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho
• Psychosocial Rehabilitation Specialist & Service Coordinator, Mental Wellness Clinic of Coeur d’ Alene, Coeur d’ Alene, Idaho
• Research Educator, Kootenai Health, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho

Dr. Smith’s research focuses on clinical trials and utilizes advanced biostatistics and multiple forms of qualitative research methods. Her research targets substance use disorder treatment optimization, therapeutic use of novel substances, and precision medicine interventions. She has been involved in over $33 million in grants and contracts, resulting in over 50 peer-reviewed publications and 3 book chapters.

• Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Outstanding Contribution to Research Award, 2025
• College of Problems on Drug Dependence (CPDD) 1st place winner: Pitch Your Science Competition, 2025
• John’s Hopkin’s Innovations for Substance Use Disorders (I4SUD), 2023
• Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Excellence in Teaching award, 2020
• Winning team member, Society for Prevention Research Sloboda and Burkoski Cup, 2018
• ICPSR Summer Program in Quantitative Methods of Social Research “The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Data User Workshop: Biomarker Restricted-Use Files” Competitive workshop attendee, 2018
• CPDD Travel Award for Early Career Investigators, 2018
• Washington State University Excellence Award, 2017
• Gamma Sigma Delta Honor Society, University of Idaho, 2011

Selected Publications

FROM MORE THAN 50; SEE MY NCBI FOR A COMPLETE LIST.

*Indicates student author.

• Smith, C.L., Stark, B.C., Kobalter, M., Barks, M.C., Nakano-Okuno, M., *Romesburg, E. W., Limdi, N. May, T. (in press) Factors Influencing Trustworthiness and Perceived Biases of Medical Information and Genetic Testing for Black and White Americans. PLOS Genetics.
• *Bae, J., *León, G., *Coles, C., *Batts, C., Akana, N.A., Smith, C.L., McPherson, S.M., Miguel, A.Q.C. (2025) Exploring Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome Differences Based on Baseline Smoking and Alcohol Co-Use Status Among Individuals Initiating Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment. The American Journal on Addictions. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajad.70075
• Miguel, A.Q.C., *Akana N., Ryan R., Schimdt A., *Hovland S., Stark B., *Colletto S., Bowen A., Rodin N., Smith C.L., McPherson S.M. (In Press) App-Based Contingency Management to Reduce Heavy Drinking Days among Smokers Receiving Varenicline. Feasibility, Acceptability and Efficacy Indicators from a Phase I Analog Trial. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology.
• *Coles, C., *Batts, C., *Bae, J., *León, G., Schmidt, A., McPherson, S.M., Smith, C.L., Miguel, A.Q.C. (2025) Impact of Recent Stimulant Use on Treatment Outcomes Amongst Individuals Initiating Medications for Opioid Use Disorders: Secondary Analysis of a Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100330 
• Barbosa-Leiker, C., Brooks, O., Smith, C.L., Reid, S., Fatima, G.L., Hirchak, K., Arias-Losado, R., & Cabell, M. (2025). American Indian Women’s Perceptions of Perinatal Cannabis Use. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2025.2473399 
• Lovejoy, T.I., Wu, T.Y., Maloy, P., McPherson, S.M., Smith, C.L., Zaccari, B. (2025). Collaborative Tele-Pain Care for Rural Patients: Results of a Single-Arm Open-Label Pilot Trial. Pain Management Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.020
• Smith, C.L., Stark, B.C., Kobalter, M., Barks, M.C., Nakano-Okuno, M., *Romesburg, E.W., Limdi, N., May, T. (2024) Key contextual factors involved with participation in medical and genomic screening and research for African American and White Americans: a qualitative inquiry. American Journal of Community Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-024-00747-2
• Smith, C.L., Sackett, N., Stark, B.C., *Dinh, V., *Romesburg, E., Roll, J. (2024). Understanding Psychedelic-Assisted-Psychotherapy Providers’ Perspective and Insights: A Qualitative Analysis. Psychedelic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1089/psymed.2023.0074
• Barreto, KIS, Madruga, C, Miguel, AC, Smith, CL, Apolinário, GS, Godoy Filho, GS, Guirado, LR, Kurlander, PA, McPherson, S, Laranjeira, R. (2024) Intervention diversity predicts social rehabilitation indicators at discharge in therapeutic communities. Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment, 209374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2024.209374
• Scott, D.F., *Eppich, K., Mehić, E., Gray, C., Smith, C.L., Johnston, M. (2024). 15-year Survivorship of a Unique Dual-Modular Femoral Stem in Primary Hip Arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 25(1), 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-024-07422-0 
• McPherson, S. Smith, C.L., *Hall, L., Miguel, A.Q.C., *Bowden, T., Keever, A., Schmidt, A., Olson, K., Rodin, N., McDonell, M.G., Roll, J.M., LeBrun, J. (2024). Mobile Medication Adherence Platform for Buprenorphine (MAP4BUP): A Pilot Feasibility, Usability and Efficacy Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 111099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111099 
• Smith, C. L., Miguel, A.Q.C., Keever, A., *Bowden, T., Burduli, E., Roll, J., & McPherson, S. M. (2023). Exploring the mediating role of baseline urinalysis results on demographic characteristics and stimulant use disorder treatment outcomes. Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment, 208962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2023.208962  
• Smith, C. L., Keever, A., Bowden, T., Olson, K., Rodin, N., McDonell, M. G., Roll, J.M., *Smoody, G., LeBrun, J., Miguel, A.Q.C., & McPherson, S. M. (2023). Patient Feedback on a Mobile Medication Adherence App for Buprenorphine and Naloxone: Closed and Open-Ended Survey on Feasibility and Acceptability. JMIR Formative Research, 7, e40437. https://doi.org/10.2196/40437 
• Somohano, V.C., Smith, C.L., Saha, S., McPherson, S., Morasco, B.J., Ono, S.S., Zaccari, B., Lovejoy, J., & Lovejoy, T. (2023). Patient-Provider Shared Decision-Making, Trust, and Opioid Misuse Among US Veterans Prescribed Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. Journal of general internal medicine, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-023-08212-5 
• Miguel, A. Q., Smith, C. L., Rodin, N. M., Johnson, R. K., McDonell, M. G., & McPherson, S. M. (2023). Automated Reinforcement Management System: Feasibility study findings of an app-based contingency management treatment for alcohol use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 6, 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100140 
• Austin, E. W., Borah, P., Austin, B. W., Smith, C. L., Amram, O., *Domgaard, S., … & Willoughby, J. F. (2023). Media literacy’s role in the mitigation of disinformation effects on substance misuse. Journal of Substance Use, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2023.2183150 
• May, T., Smith, C.L., Kelley, W., East, K., Orlando, L., Cochran, M., *Colletto, S., Moss, I., Nakano-Okuno, M., Korf B., Limdi, N. (2023). Does Genetic Testing Offer Utility as a Supplement to Traditional Family Health History Intake for Inherited Disease Risk? Family Practice, cmad017. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmad017 
• Smith, C.L., Colletto, S., May, T. (2023) Protection of Privacy in Genomic Medicine. In Kenneth Ramos (ed.), Comprehensive Precision Medicine. Elsevier.
• Nakano-Okuno M., Smith C.L., and May T., “Risks and Benefits of the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing in the Reproductive Context,” in: Hostiuc S. (ed.) (2023), Clinical Ethics at the Crossroads of Genetic and Reproductive Technologies, Academic Press.
• Smith, C.L., Cooper, B.R., Miguel, A.Q.C., Hill, L., Roll, J., Cleveland, M., McPherson, S. (2022). Youth risk profiles and their prediction of distal cannabis and tobacco co-use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health (PATH) study. Substance Abuse, 43(1), 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.2007516
• Smith, C.L., Waters, S., *Spellacy, D., Burduli, E., Brooks, O., Carty, C., Ranjo, S., McPherson, S., Barbosa-Leiker, C. (2022). Substance use and mental health in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1916815 
• Burduli, E., *Winquist, A., Smith, C.L., Brooks, O., *Chiou, M., *Balsinger, D., Shogan, M., McPherson, S., Barbosa-Leiker, C., Jones, H.H. (2022). Supporting perinatal individuals with opioid use disorder and their newborns experiencing neonatal abstinence syndrome: Impressions from patients and healthcare providers. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2022.2122483
• Smith, C.L., Rodin, N.M., *Hwang, J.Y., Miguel, A.Q.C., Johnson, K., McDonell, M.G., McPherson, S.M. (2022). Automated Reinforcement Management System (ARMS): Focused provider feedback. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 17(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-022-00301-w 
• Miguel, A.Q.C., Simões, V., Yamauchi, R., Madruga, C.S., da Silva, C.J., Laranjeira, R.R., Roll, J.M., Smith, C.L., McPherson, S.M. and Mari, J.J. (2022). Sociodemographic and clinical profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in “Crackland”, Brazil. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 71, pp.50-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000362
• Miguel, A.Q.C., Simões, V., Yamauchi, R., Madruga, C.S., da Silva, C.J., Laranjeira, R. R., Smith, C.L., Roll, J., McPherson, S., Mari, J. J. (2022). Effectiveness of incorporating Contingency Management into a public treatment program for crack cocaine users in Brazil: A single blind randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Drug Policy, 99, 103464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103464 [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34619447.
• Barbosa-Leiker, C., Brooks, O., Smith, C.L., Burduli, E., (2022). Healthcare Professionals’ and Budtenders’ Perceptions of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 48(2),1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2021.1988091. PMID: 34779673
• Mamey, M.R., Burns, L.G., Barbosa-Leiker, C., Smith, C.L., McPherson, S. (2022). Parallel growth modelling to better understand smoking with stimulant use outcomes during an integrated treatment trial. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000439 
• Bayley, B.L., *Dizon, E., *Shrestha, G., Smith, C.L., *Tekle, S., Rhoades Cooper, B. (2022). Leveraging Self-determination Theory to Understand which Preschool Teachers Benefit Most from a Professional Development Intervention. The Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2020.1818652

Labs

• Laboratory for Innovations in Therapeutics (LIT)
• Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR)
• Analytics and PsychoPharmacology Laboratory (APPL)
• Bioethics Lab